Effect of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance in humans: A systematic review

- Magnesium participates directly in glucose metabolism disorders in humans.
- In the present review, we evaluated evidence for the effectiveness of supplementation of magnesium in the control of the insulin resistance.
- This systematic review provided evidence of the benefits of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance in patients with hypomagnesemia.
- Magnesium plays a potentially significant role in improving insulin sensitivity. However, larger-scale studies over a longer duration of treatment are needed to confirm this conclusion.

ObjectivesRecent studies have demonstrated that minerals play a role in glucose metabolism disorders in humans. Magnesium, in particular, is an extensively studied mineral that has been shown to function in the management of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance (IR) action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of magnesium supplementation on IR in humans via systematic review of the available clinical trials.MethodsThis review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. A survey was conducted to select clinical trials related to the effects of this mineral in insulin sensitivity using the following databases: PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SciVerse Cochrane.ResultsAfter the selection process, 12 articles were identified as eligible, representing different clinical conditions and being free of restriction with regard to sex, age, ethnicity, and differential dosing/shape of magnesium. The results of eight clinical trials showed that supplementation with magnesium influences serum fasting glucose concentrations, and five trials determined an effect on fasting insulin levels. The results of seven studies demonstrated that mineral supplementation reduced homeostasis model assessment for IR values.ConclusionsThe data of this systematic review provide evidence as to the benefits of magnesium supplementation in reducing IR in patients with hypomagnesemia presenting IR. However, new intervention studies are needed to elucidate the role of the nutrient in protection against this metabolic disorder, as well as the standardization of the type, dose, and time of magnesium supplementation.