Applications of Fixator-norator Pair in Companion Model Based Designs

This paper presents a novel approach to the accurate time domain analysis and design of analog circuits containing storage elements by making use of ‘companion models’. The emphasis is given to the design using fixator-norator pair, which is now ingenious in analog circuit design. The Backward Euler method can render a storage element to an equivalent circuit, containing only linear components viz. current source or voltage source and resistance. This distinctive feature allows us to generate equivalent companion models of the storage elements for every time step, whereby persuading the application of fixator-norator pairs in such circuits containing reactive components. This paper briefly explains the construction of equivalent circuits at desired time steps and provides a detailed explanation on the design of the gain of an op-amp differentiator for a given input by exploiting the fixator-norator method. The proposed method reveals to be much reliable and accurate in the design of circuits containing reactive elements.