کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
5745761 | 1618781 | 2018 | 10 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
- Eight OPFRs detected in soil with 100% detection frequency.
- Very high concentration of TMPP; accounting for 35-49% of âOPFRs.
- Fugacity fraction indicated strong influence of soil pollution on air concentration.
- Weak correlation of TOC/BC with OPFRs suggested little or no role on soil OPFRs.
Despite soil being the major terrestrial environmental reservoir and one of the significant sinks for many hydrophobic organic compounds including organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs), limited information is available about concentration and fate of OPFRs contamination in urban soil in general and especially in case of Nepal. This study investigates the environmental concentration, spatial distribution and source apportionment of eight OPFRs in surface soil (n = 28) from four major cities of Nepal with special interest on air-soil exchange. Overall, significantly high concentrations of â8OPFR were measured in soil ranging from 25-27,900 ng/g dw (median 248 ng/g dw). In terms of compositional pattern, tris(methyl phenyl) phosphate (TMPP) was the most abundant phosphorus chemical in soil, followed by tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and accounted for 35-49% and 8-25% of â8OPFRs, respectively. The high level of these OPFRs was attributed to local sources as opposed to transboundary influence from remote areas. A Spearman's rank correlation analysis exhibited weak correlation of â8OPFRs with TOC (Rho = 0.117, p < 0.05) and BC (Rho = 0.007, p < 0.05), suggesting little or no influence of TOC and BC on the concentration of â8OPFRs. The fugacity fraction (ff) results indicated a strong influence of soil contamination on atmospheric level of OPFRs via volatilization.
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Journal: Chemosphere - Volume 190, January 2018, Pages 114-123