کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
5750234 1619692 2018 13 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Assessing urban population vulnerability and environmental risks across an urban area during heatwaves - Implications for health protection
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
ارزیابی آسیب پذیری جمعیت شهری و ریسک های زیست محیطی در یک ناحیه شهری در طول موج های گرم - پیامدهای حفاظت از سلامتی
کلمات کلیدی
جزایر گرمسیری شهری، آسیب پذیری فضایی، امواج گرما، اثرات بهداشتی،
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علوم محیط زیست شیمی زیست محیطی
چکیده انگلیسی


- Multiple factors are associated with health effects of heat exposure.
- Cities in the West Midlands have a pronounced UHI.
- Care homes and hospitals are exposed to higher ambient temperatures than average.
- Housing types more likely to overheat are located in the warmest parts of the city.

Heatwaves can lead to a range of adverse impacts including increased risk of illness and mortality; the heatwave in August 2003 has been associated with ~ 70,000 deaths across Europe. Due to climate change, heatwaves are likely to become more intense, more frequent and last longer in the future. A number of factors may influence risks associated with heat exposure, such as population age, housing type, and location within the Urban Heat Island, and such factors may not be evenly distributed spatially across a region. We simulated and analysed two major heatwaves in the UK, in August 2003 and July 2006, to assess spatial vulnerability to heat exposure across the West Midlands, an area containing ~ 5 million people, and how ambient temperature varies in relation to factors that influence heat-related health effects, through weighting of ambient temperatures according to distributions of these factors across an urban area. Additionally we present quantification of how particular centres such as hospitals are exposed to the UHI, by comparing temperatures at these locations with average temperatures across the region, and presenting these results for both day and night times. We find that UHI intensity was substantial during both heatwaves, reaching a maximum of + 9.6 °C in Birmingham in July 2006. Previous work has shown some housing types, such as flats and terraced houses, are associated with increased risk of overheating, and our results show that these housing types are generally located within the warmest parts of the city. Older age groups are more susceptible to the effects of heat. Our analysis of distribution of population based on age group showed there is only small spatial variation in ambient temperature that different age groups are exposed to. Analysis of relative deprivation across the region indicates more deprived populations are located in the warmest parts of the city.

Spatial distribution of factors that may relate to risks associated with heat-health effects across the West Midlands.537

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Science of The Total Environment - Volumes 610–611, 1 January 2018, Pages 678-690
نویسندگان
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