Post-collisional high-Mg granitoids from the Paleoproterozoic East Sarmatian Orogen (East European Craton): Evidence for crust-mantle interaction

The East Sarmatian Orogen (ESO) is located along the southwestern domain of the East European Craton and occupies a key tectonic link between the Sarmatian and Volgo-Uralian domains. Here we investigate the Paleoproterozoic Novaya Melovatka pluton and its mafic-ultramafic xenoliths to gain insights into the role of interaction between intermediate-felsic crustal melt with mantle rocks as a mechanism for the generation of high-Mg granitoids at crustal pressures. The pluton is composed of biotite-orthopyroxene quartz dioritic and monzodioritic porphyrites (Phase 1) and medium-grained biotite-amphibole quartz diorite, tonalite and granodiorite and commingled Phase 1 mafic magmatic enclaves (MME) (Phase 2). The general geochemical characteristics of these rocks are similar to those of Late-Archean high-Mg sanukitoids. The TDM (model) ages for intermediate Phase 1 and granitoid Phase 2 are similar and show a range of 2324-2439 and 2284-2519 M, respectively. The εNd(t) values are grouped around subchondritic values (=+1.4-+1.9 and + 1.1-+2.2) and the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios are in the range of 0.70202-0.70390. The complex compositional zoning of minerals suggests that the rocks crystallized as synchronous but discrete magma pulses, with limited to significant mixing. Based on the geochemical features we infer that the Phase 1 rocks formed from partial melting of a mantle wedge metasomatized to different degrees by fluids/melts. The presence of MMEs, compositional zoning of minerals including reversely zoned amphiboles, plagioclases with thin calcic overgrowths, and acicular apatite, as well as the whole-rock geochemical features are consistent with a hybrid origin of the high-Mg granitoids belonging to Phase 2. Geobarometry indicates crystallization at upper-crustal depths (i.e. 1.7-2.4 kbar). The igneous suite evolved by fractional crystallization of orthopyroxene, hornblende, plagioclase and biotite. Here we propose a tectonic model involving partial melting of the lower crust that produced low-Mg melts which interacted with high-Mg mantle melts derived from previously underplated source.