Cytokine milieu in renal cavities of immunocompetent mice in response to intravenous challenge of Aspergillus flavus leading to aspergillosis

► BALB/c mice were systemically infected with Aspergillus flavus conidia. ► Significant pro-inflammatory cytokines release at 6 or12 h by innate effector cell. ► Concurrent decrease in CFU between 6 or12 h likely by innate effector cells. ► Significant secretion of IL-17, IL-23 at 24 h and IL-6 in late phase occurred. ► Histopathology at late phase demonstrated hyphae in the ureter and renal pelvis.