The role of adipose tissue-associated macrophages and T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

► ATMs from active disease lesions release both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. ► ATTs from active disease lesions release both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. ► The anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate fibroblast synthesis. ► In vivo-mimicking mediums exacerbate effects of IL-4 and IL-13 on collagen formation. ► Fatty acid oxidation inhibitors prevent effects of IL-4 and -13 on collagen formation.