Toll-like receptor signalling in liver disease: ER stress the missing link?

► The ER is central for lipid synthesis, protein folding and protein maturation. ► Conditions interfering with ER function are collectively known as ER stress. ► The role of ER stress in the immune system is an emerging therapeutic target. ► The list of signalling pathways that act in synergy with TLRs now include ER stress. ► Targeting various components of ER stress is a promising therapeutic strategy.