Fever after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is associated with adverse outcomes

BackgroundFever is a common finding after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, its prognostic value is not validated yet.ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the impact of fever after PPCI in STEMI on adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsFive hundred fourteen consecutive patients who underwent PPCI due to STEMI were enrolled. Body temperature (BT) was checked every 6 h for 5 days after PPCI. Patients were divided into two groups according to the highest quartile of peak BT; peak BT ≤ 37.6 °C (control group) and peak BT > 37.6 °C (fever group). Rates of 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; death, myocardial infarction, any revascularization) were compared.ResultsThe prevalence of fever group (peak BT > 37.6 °C) was 24.7% (127/514). White blood cell count, highly sensitive C-reactive protein and serum cardiac troponin I level were higher in fever group than control group (12,162 ± 4199/μL vs. 10,614 ± 3773/μL, p < 0.001; 22.9 ± 49.4 mg/L vs. 7.4 ± 2.5 mg/L, p = 0.001, 16.7 ± 36.9 ng/dl vs. 8.70 ± 26.2 ng/dl, p = 0.027, respectively). The frequency of a history of previous myocardial infarction and left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in fever group (0.0% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.010; 47 ± 8 % vs. 49 ± 9 %, p = 0.002, respectively). There was no significant difference in angiographic characteristics between 2 groups. 1-year MACE rates were higher in fever group (11.0% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.010). Multivariate analysis revealed fever (OR 2.358, 95% CI 1.113-4.998, p = 0.025), diabetes mellitus as risk factor (2.227, 1.031-4.812, 0.042), and left anterior descending artery as infarct related artery (2.443, 1.114-5.361, 0.026) as independent predictors for 1-year MACE.ConclusionsFever after PPCI in patients with STEMI is frequently developed and it can predict adverse clinical outcome.