Differential roles of caudate nucleus and putamen during instrumental learning

► Neural substrates of decision-making processes during learning in the dorsal striatum. ► Caudate nucleus integrates information on performance and cognitive control demands. ► Putamen tracks how likely the conditioning stimuli lead to correct response. ► Dynamical interplay between caudate nucleus and putamen during learning. ► Caudate nucleus and putamen activity modulates reaction times during learning.