In situ photodeposition of copper nanoparticles on TiO2: Novel catalysts with facile light-induced redox cycling

• The in situ photodeposition of Cu nanoparticles onto TiO2 has been developed.
• Active and stable catalysts were rapidly generated for proton reduction.
• Cu oxidation state can be readily cycled depending on the conditions.
• Cu counter-anion determines particle size, distribution, crystallinity and leaching.
• Cu(II)(NO3)2 gave highest and reproducible reaction rates with lowest leaching.

The in situ photodeposition method of copper(0) nanoparticles on TiO2 is found to produce photoactive heterogeneous catalysts suitable for redox reactions. Several variables in the method that affect catalyst structure and activity have been investigated for H2 generation as a model reaction. The counter-anion of the copper salt used plays a pivotal role in determining size, distribution and crystallinity of the nanoparticles, as well as leaching, recyclability and stabilisation. Redox cycling between Cu(0) and Cu(II) was found to be extremely facile, with oxidation occurring aerobically and re-reduction under anaerobic irradiation in water.

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