Indwell times, complications and costs of open vs closed safety peripheral intravenous catheters: a randomized study

Use of COS PIVCs reduced episodes of phlebitis and risk of infection at a cost of only €0.09/day. When PIVCs are replaced based on clinical indication, COS PIVCs last for up to 144 h and MOS PIVCs last for up to 96 h without increased risk and with significant cost savings (€786,257/year/1000 beds).