Research reportProgesterone-induced amplification and advancement of GnRH/LH surges are associated with changes in kisspeptin system in preoptic area of estradiol-primed female rats

- Estradiol is the major ovarian hormone involved in regulation POA kisspeptin system.
- Progesterone-induced GnRH/LH surges require E-priming and involve POA kisspeptin.
- Progesterone increases POA kisspeptin content, without changes in gene expression.

The time course effects of ovarian steroids on kisspeptin and GnRH/LH systems is not totally clarified. We investigated the temporal relationship among kisspeptin and GnRH mRNA and kisspeptin content in the preoptic area (POA), GnRH content and release in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and plasma LH levels under different steroid treatments. Ovariectomized rats treated with oil (OVOO), oil plus single dose of estradiol (OVOE), oil plus single dose of progesterone (OVOP), estradiol for 3 days plus oil (OVEO) or estradiol for 3 days plus progesterone (OVEP) were hourly decapitated from 10:00 to 17:00 or had the MBH microdialyzed from 09:00 to 19:00. Estradiol and progesterone acutely increased POA kisspeptin content without altering POA kisspeptin mRNA levels. Short-term exposure to both hormones stimulated MBH GnRH content, although no GnRH/LH surges had occurred. Chronic estradiol-treatment increased both kisspeptin mRNA levels and content in the POA, demonstrating that long exposure to estradiol is required to activate the whole kisspeptin synthesis machinery. This was followed by the peak in the GnRH/LH release. In estradiol-primed rats, progesterone further increased POA kisspeptin content, amplified and advanced GnRH/LH surges, with no additional change on POA kisspeptin mRNA. The data show an estradiol-induced temporal association between kisspeptin increase in the POA and GnRH/LH surges. Interestingly, the classic action of progesterone in amplifying and accelerating the GnRH/LH surges seems to occur by a mechanism which involves POA kisspeptin system.