Quantifying potential propagule pressure of aquatic invasive species from the commercial shipping industry in Canada

► PPP of AIS were quantified using ship arrivals, ballast discharge volumes, and WSA. ► These proxies for PPP were significantly correlated across ports and vessel types. ► The three measures of PPP imply different contributions of ports to total regional PPP. ► Relative contributions of PPP proxies varies across regions, ports, vessels, and time.