Ultrafine SnO2 nanoparticles encased in graphene oxide nanoribbons for high-performance lithium ion batteries

A hierarchical hybrid of SnO2 nanoparticles encased in graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) are synthesized by a facile, scalable and green method. The effect of different ratio of Sn2+/GONRs in microstructure and electrochemical performance is studied systematically. Both scanning electron microscopy images and transmission electron microscopy images show that SnO2 nanoparticles are anchored onto the surface of GONRs and encased by GONRs to form an integrative framework firmly. The hybrid demonstrated an outstanding rate capability and cycling stability. The highest discharge capacity can reach 514 mAh g−1 at rates of 2000 mA g−1. Even after 300 cycles, the reversible capacity remains 452 mAh g−1 with a retention of 62.7% at current density of 1000 mA g−1, which can be attributed to the synergetic effects of SnO2 encased in GONRs.