Influence of Sn source on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on Sn-doped TiO2 photoanodes: A strategy for choosing an appropriate doping source

Sn-doped TiO2 was synthesized by hydrothermal method using six different Sn sources. High conversion efficiencies of 8.55% and 8.66% were achieved by the DSSCs based on the tetramethyltin doped and tetra-n-butyltin doped TiO2, where efficiencies improved by 12.4% and 13.8% compared with that of the cells based on pure TiO2. Metallo-organic compound could be an appropriate doping source for the DSSCs based on Sn-doped TiO2.