A novel emulsifier for ethanol-diesel blends and its effect on performance and emissions of diesel engine

► A novel mixed emulsifier, named “CLZ”, was developed based on biofuel and castor oil. ► With a CLZ emulsifier the ethanol-diesel blend E10 can keep its physical stability. ► The use of ethanol-diesel blends with a CLZ improved the break thermal efficiency. ► The smoke emission was reduced significantly and the NOx emission decreased slightly.