Improved assessment of wind-driven rain on building façade based on ISO standard with high-resolution on-site weather data

Wind-Driven Rain (WDR) is one of the major moisture sources that cause building envelope failures. The quantity and spatial distribution of WDR are important considerations for durable building envelope designs and are essential boundary conditions for hygrothermal modelling. Within a comprehensive research program of quantifying WDR exposure of buildings and the effectiveness of overhang on reducing WDR wetting, a six-storey building located in Vancouver, Canada was instrumented for field WDR measurements. One of the challenges in field WDR measurements is the validity of on-site wind measurements. The accurate measurements of on-site wind conditions are essential for correlating WDR on façade with on-site weather conditions and for generating the spatial distribution correction factor required in the semi-empirical WDR models. This paper focuses on discussing the procedure necessary for proper on-site wind measurements for quantifying WDR on façade based on field and wind-tunnel measurements. The proper procedure to calculate the spatial distribution correction factor, namely wall factor according to ISO standard, and its impact on the accuracy of the ISO model is also discussed. The accuracy of ISO model can be significantly improved by using more detailed wall factors calculated based on high-resolution on-site wind and rain measurements.