Differences in major ions as well as hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of sediment pore water and lake water

Isotopic and chemical compositions of pore water (PW) are highly relevant to environmental and forensic study. Five lake water (LW) samples and five sediment samples were collected to investigate the effects of pore sizes of sediments on PW chemistry and stable isotopes and determine mechanisms controlling their variations. Six pore water fractions were extracted from different-sized pores in each sediment sample at six sequential centrifugal speeds for chemical and isotopic analysis. The sediments consisted mainly of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of PW are mainly controlled by the overlying LW, although the lag effect of exchange between overlying LW and PW results in isotopic differences when recharge of LW is quicker than isotopic exchange in PW. Identical isotopic compositions of PW from sediments with different pore sizes indicate that isotopic exchange of water molecules with different pore sizes is a quick process. The ratio of average total dissolved solid (TDS) concentration of PW to TDS concentration of LW shows a strong relationship with adsorption capacity of sediments, demonstrating that remobilization of ions bound to sediments mainly causes a chemical shift from LW to PW. Concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl- in PW remain unchanged, while concentrations of Na+, K+, and SO42− slightly increase with decreasing pore size. Chemical differences of PW from sediments with different pore sizes are governed by ion adsorption properties and surface characteristics of different-sized particles.