Effect of fungal and phosphoric acid pretreatment on ethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB)

- OPEFB was pretreated with phosphoric acid, white rot fungi and their combination.
- Phosphoric acid pretreatment improved the digestibility of OPEFB by 24 times.
- Fungi pretreatment gave the highest recovery of 98.7% of OPEFB.
- Ethanol yield of 89.4% of the theoretical value was obtained after pretreatment.