A Virtual Synchronous Machine implementation for distributed control of power converters in SmartGrids

The ongoing evolution of the power system towards a “SmartGrid” implies a dominant role of power electronic converters, but poses strict requirements on their control strategies to preserve stability and controllability. In this perspective, the definition of decentralized control schemes for power converters that can provide grid support and allow for seamless transition between grid-connected or islanded operation is critical. Since these features can already be provided by synchronous generators, the concept of Virtual Synchronous Machines (VSMs) can be a suitable approach for controlling power electronics converters. This paper starts with a discussion of the general features offered by the VSM concept in the context of SmartGrids. A specific VSM implementation is then presented in detail together with its mathematical model. The intended emulation of the synchronous machine characteristics is illustrated by numerical simulations. Finally, stability is assessed by analysing the eigenvalues of a small-signal model and their parametric sensitivities.