Multianalyte electrochemical biosensor on a monolith electrode by optically scanning the electrical double layer

Redox on an electrode is an interfacial phenomenon that modulates the charge in the electrical double layer (EDL). A novel instrument, the Scanning Electrometer for Electrical Double-layer (SEED) has been developed to measure multiple enzyme reactions on a monolith electrode due to immunospecific binding with a mixture of respective analytes. SEED quantitatively maps the local redox reaction by scanning a laser on the array of enzyme monolayer spots immobilized on the monolith electrode. SEED measures the change in local charge state of the EDL that abruptly changes due to the redox reaction. The measurement spot size defined by the size of the laser beam is ~10 µm. The SEED signal is linearly proportional to the local redox current density and analyte concentration. The specificity is close to 100%. The SEED readout is compatible with microfluidics platform where the signal degrades less than 2% due to the poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) body.