Simple, effective and high sensitivity transducer for force measurement of myofibrils

In previous research, T-shape transducer was used for force measurement of myofibrils but there are some disadvantage with sensitivity and natural frequency. After improved transducer and set up new apparatus for force measurement of myofibrils, the transducer was proved that it is useful for force measurement of myofibrils with 1 μN in resolution and 100 Hz in frequency. Especially, the optimization T-shape transducer is simple and effective to manufacture and high sensitivity in comparison with others type of transducer. Ca2+ activated force and recovery force during quick release of myofibrils have successfully measured.