Simulations of viscous transonic flows over lifting airfoils and wings

In this paper, the hierarchical formulation for steady viscous transonic flow simulations of Refs. [Hafez M, Wahba E. Numerical Simulations of Transonic Aerodynamic Flows. AIAA paper 03-3564, 2003] and [Hafez M, Wahba E. Viscous/Inviscid Interaction Procedures for Compressible Aerodynamic Flow Simulations (in press)] is reviewed and a simplified version for the calculation of the vortical velocity components is presented. The results are compared to available solutions of standard Navier–Stokes equations for laminar flows.