Influence of drill parameters on bone temperature and necrosis: A FEM modelling and in vitro experiments

► The safe drilling zones below 45 °C have been determined for various drill parameters. ► The safe drill parameters were: 370 rpm, 70 mm/min and 140 N for 2194 g/cm2 BMD. ► Drill force should be >70 N and drill speed <800 rpm for bones BMD >2194 g/cm2.