Defluidization of the oxygen carrier ilmenite - Laboratory experiments with potassium salts

Results from the crucible tests were used to explain the behavior of ilmenite in the presence of potassium salts in a lab-scale fluidized bed conversion. The bed agglomeration mechanisms depend on the potassium salt: KCl glued the particles together, whereas K2CO3 reacted with the bed particles. KH2PO4 reacted with the bed material and glued the particles together. K2SO4 remained non-reactive and did not influence the agglomeration of ilmenite bed particles.