Conceptual market potential framework of high temperature aquifer thermal energy storage - A case study in the Netherlands

High temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) can contribute to the integration of renewable energy sources in the energy system, the replacement of fossil fuel-based heat supply and the utilization of surplus heat from industrial sources. However, there is limited understanding on the drivers, barriers and conditions of HT-ATES implementation. The objective of this study is to partly fill this knowledge gap by developing a methodological framework for a quick scan on market potential of HT-ATES. Based on the application of this framework to a case study in the Netherlands, it is concluded that the proposed method is suitable for a pre-feasibility analysis on the HT-ATES market potential. The investigated case study has a planned district heating system with geothermal energy as the heat source. HT-ATES is found to be cost-effective compared to a reference technology, i.e. a natural gas boiler, in the scenarios under existing and more sustainable alternative policies. The lifetime of HT-ATES and the size of heat demand have a strong influence on the market potential.