Energy input assessment for nanosecond pulsed electric field processing and its application in a case study with Chlorella vulgaris

Pulsed electric field (PEF) technologies are rapidly developing because of their promising applications, continuous operability, short processing times and low energy requirements. Nanosecond PEF (nsPEF) as emerging field can be applied for sub-lethal stress induction, targeted release of intracellular valuables and induced cell apoptosis. However, process characterization and control is limited so far. The acquired comprehensive understanding of the system dependency in this research enables improved applications of nsPEF in the bio-based industry.