Micro-/Nano-structuring based on self-assembly of particles to improve surface functionality in biomedical applications

Bio-related applications often require increase in surface area to activate chemical reaction, hydrophilic property and oxygen permeability to improve biocompatibility with living cells. This paper discusses a production method of such surface by applying self-assembly process. Water-based suspension that contains particles is spread on a substrate and then dried. Afterward self-assembly with increased surface area can be obtained. By modifying the surface with specific protein, sensitive biochemical detection of material became possible. The sensitivity can be improved further combining with optical elements. The assembled particles, typically silica of 1 μm in diameter, can be used as an etching mask to engrave the substrate. The engraved profile was replicated to polymer materials to demonstrate its biocompatibility.