Sleep and emotions: Bidirectional links and underlying mechanisms

• Sleep and emotions appear to be related through a bidirectional relationship.
• Underlying mechanisms include brain networks, REM sleep, and information processing.
• The impact of stress on sleep depends on context and emotion regulation.
• Future research should focus on experimental research and modern methodologies.

A growing body of literature suggests that sleep and emotions are closely linked, and that the relationship between these two domains is complex and bidirectional. This review synthesizes some of the most current empirical findings with regard to the effects of sleep (with an emphasis on sleep deprivation) on subsequent emotional state, and the effects of emotions on subsequent sleep. Furthermore, we review a selection of possible mechanisms underlying some of these associations. Finally, suggestions are made for future research as part of the effort to develop a more comprehensive theory for this emerging field.