Étude descriptive de l'utilisation de psychotropes chez les personnes autistes de 20 à 35 ans en institution du Languedoc-Roussillon

The Pervasive Developmental Disorders complications can lead to an important life long handicap. There is an important literature about autism, but in most cases, specifically concerning children and adolescents problems. We wished to focus our attention on adults, in order to describe, on one hand their socio-adaptive profile, and on the other hand, the necessity to resort to a psycho-active treatment. The geographic zone chosen in order to carry out this, was Languedoc-Roussillon, and the applied method was a descriptive study of psychotropic use in the 20-35 age adults with autism. The instruments used were standardized and validated. The diagnosis was confirmed using ICD 10 criteria checklist and individual characteristics including adaptive profile estimated on the Vineland scale, were collected. Moreover the prescriber's global impressions were collected on the CGI scale. Out of 165 case files collected, the sex-ratio was 3 men for 2 women, 45 % showed associated somatic disorders (of which 24 % epileptic), 66 % benefited from a psycho-active treatment ; 85 % had been admitted in institutions during childhood or adolescence. The admittance framework being respectfully, MAS 21.8 %, community homes 35.2 %, CAT 17.6 % and psychiatric services 20.6 %. Mean equivalent age, in the three Vineland adaptive domains, were from 21 months in Communication to 43 months in Autonomy in daily life Skills and 17 months in Socialization. The development quotient showed adaptive retardation in 100 % of cases. The 110 persons benefiting from a medicinal treatment, were treated for aggressiveness in 62.7 % of cases, agitation in 43.6 % of cases and anxiety in 48.2 % of cases. The therapeutic categories used were, in majority, antipsychotics in 85 % of cases, anxiolitics in 40.2 % of cases ; hypnotics as well as anti-depressants or mood-regulators, each representing 10 % of prescriptions. Associations of several molecules representing 83 % of cases. The therapeutic effect was considered interesting in more than two-thirds of cases. Undesirable side-effects were reported in 50 % of the patients under treatment ; 50 % of the persons treated had been administered the same treatment for more than 5 years. The adaptive-profile significantly varied, depending on the accommodation structures and also the presence or absence of a psycho-active treatment. The results of this study portrayed the level of social adaptation and the types of psychoactive treatment in adults with autism, who are severely limited in their adaptive functioning due to their handicaps.