International standard (ISO) on seismic actions for designing geotechnical works-An overview

In this International Standard, the seismic actions are determined through two stages. The first stage determines basic seismic action variables, including the earthquake ground motion at the site, the potential for earthquake-associated phenomena such as liquefaction and induced lateral ground displacement. These basic variables are used, in the second stage, for specifying the seismic actions for designing geotechnical works. In the second stage, the soil-structure interaction plays a major role. Types of analyses are classified based on a combination of static/dynamic analyses and the procedure for soil-structure interaction classified as follows: