Politics, proximity and the pipeline: Mapping public attitudes toward Keystone XL

• Americans are divided on the Keystone XL energy pipeline.
• Attitudes toward Keystone XL are driven by political party identification and ideology.
• Attitudes toward the pipeline are also shaped by attitudes toward the economy and global warming.
• The effect of proximity on attitudes toward Keystone XL is non-linear.
• Spatial proximity to the pipeline attenuates the effect of ideology.

The politics of oil pipelines have become increasingly salient in American politics in recent years. In particular, debates about economic benefits, energy security and environmental impact have been provoked by the proposed Keystone XL pipeline expansion intended to take bitumen from northern Alberta in Canada to refineries on the Gulf Coast in Texas. Drawing on data from recent surveys conducted by the Pew Research Center, this article asks a series of questions. What levels of support for (and opposition to) the pipeline exist among the American public? What are the roles of political factors (such as party identification and ideology), economic attitudes, environmental attitudes and proximity to the proposed pipeline route in shaping attitudes toward the pipeline? And how do political factors and proximity to the pipeline interact? We find that partisanship and ideology drive attitudes toward the Keystone XL pipeline, and that the effect of ideology is attenuated by proximity to the proposed route. The policy implications of these findings for energy infrastructure siting controversies are discussed.