Surprising lack of liposome-induced complement activation by artificial 1,3-diamidophospholipids in vitro

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease associated with the formation of plaque-induced constrictions. Preferential vasodilator delivery can be achieved via shear-sensitive nano-containers such as lentil-shaped liposomes from Pad-PC-Pad. Liposomal formulations, including the FDA-approved Doxil and AmBisome, are being recognized as foreign bodies and therefore cause complement activation. This communication comprises in vitro and in vivo experiments that show a surprisingly low or even absent complement-activation-related-pseudo-allergy (CARPA) for the lentil-shaped, artificial liposomes.446