Microfabricated V-band left-handed transmission lines

We present the design, microfabrication, and characterization of V-band transmission lines, having a wide left-handed passband between 42 and 73 GHz. The mushroom structure and associated microfabrication method is further extended to build a 1-D left-handed transmission line working at 100 GHz and a 2-D left-handed structure with 9 × 9 cells, enabling 2-D or even 3-D left-handed metamaterials at high frequencies.