Triboelectric nanogenerator as self-powered active sensors for detecting liquid/gaseous water/ethanol

The triboelectric nanogenerator, made of polyamide 6,6 (PA) film or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, can serve as a self-powered active sensor for detecting water or ethanol in gas or liquid phase. The performance of the active sensors has been understood in reference to the levels of wettability of solid polymer surfaces.