EPR studies of (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase substituted by Ruthenium ions

► The lower content of Ru substation in (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase improved the phase formation and superconducting transition temperature. ► These results were confirmed by EPR results which showed two lines, corresponding to (Bi, Pb)-2223 and (Bi, Pb)-2212 phases. ► Also, EPR results confirmed Phase transition from (Bi, Pb)-2223 and (Bi, Pb)-2212 phase.