Experimental studies on the heterogeneous reaction of NO3 radicals with suspended carbaryl particles

► Primary & secondary oxidations of carbaryl particles by NO3 radicals are observed. ► Four nitro- and/or hydroxy-substituted products are sequentially detected. ► Carbaryl particles and the reference gas are synchronously online monitored. ► Apparent reactive rate of carbaryl particles with NO3 radicals is obtained.