Identification of biogenic amines-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from spontaneous malolactic fermentation of chilean red wines

• For the first time aminogenic capacity of MLF bacteria from Chilean Cabernet Sauvignon is reported.
• For the first time the presence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus is reported in red wine.
• L. rhamnosus is the principal species present during malolactic fermentation of Chilean wines.
• L. rhamnosus is the principal species producer of biogenic amine during malolactic fermentation.
• L. rhamnosus might be described as endemic of some Chilean viticultural regions.

Most Chilean wineries perform malolactic fermentation by means of non-typified autochthonous lactic acid bacteria already present in grapes and oak barrels or fermenters. The objective of this research was to investigate the principal lactic acid bacteria present during spontaneous malolactic fermentation of Chilean Cabernet Sauvignon wines and to study its role in BA formation. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that this relation has been reported for Chilean wines. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from five wineries located in three Chilean geographical regions. Genotypic differentiation of each bacterial isolated was performed via a restriction fragment length polymorphism method using rpoB and 16S rRNA genes and HinfI, AciI and MseI enzymes. Sixty-five colonies were isolated and identified as lactic acid bacteria, identifying two species, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Oenococcus oeni. The predominant species was L. rhamnosus, which, to the best of our knowledge, we are describing for the first time in the vinification process. Considering that L. rhamnosus was detected in wineries from different geographical viticultural regions, it could be preliminarily considered as an endemic species. Both species were biogenic amines producers, L. rhamnosus being mainly responsible for biogenic amines present in the Cabernet Sauvignon wines studied.