Multi-criteria optimization of supply schedules in intermittent water supply systems

One of the problems for water supply systems with intermittent supply is the peak flow produced at some hours of the day, which is usually much larger than that in a system with continuous supply. The main consequence is the reduction of pressure and flow at the ends or highest points of the system network. This, in turn, generates inequity in water supply and complaints from users. To reduce the peak flow, some sectors of the system must be assigned a different supply schedule. As a result, the supply curve is modified, and the peak flow is reduced. This reorganization seeks some optimal allocation schedule and must be based on various quantitative and qualitative technical criteria. This paper hybridizes integer linear programming and multi-criteria analysis to contribute with a solution proposal to the technical management of intermittent water supply systems, which provides short-term results and requires little investment for implementation. This solution does not seek perpetuating intermittent water supply. On the contrary, this methodology can be a useful tool in gradual transition processes from intermittent to continuous supply.