Nanoparticle-based B-cell targeting vaccines: Tailoring of humoral immune responses by functionalization with different TLR-ligands

Induction of an appropriate type of humoral immune response during the vaccination is essential for protection against viral and bacterial infections. We analyzed how the biodegradable calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles coated with a model antigen and functionalized with different TLR ligands (TLR-Ls) modulate humoral immune responses against the model antigen and how tailoring of the CaP-HEL nanoparticles aids to overcome the lack of T-cell help. Thus, CaP nanoparticle-based B-cell targeting vaccines functionalized with TLR-Ls can serve as a flexible platform to modulate both strength and quality of the humoral immune responses on demand.155