Low-dose G-CSF improves fat graft retention by mobilizing endogenous stem cells and inducing angiogenesis, whereas high-dose G-CSF inhibits adipogenesis with prolonged inflammation and severe fibrosis

Low-dose G-CSF treatment successfully improved fat graft survival by mobilizing HSCs and inducing angiogenesis. However, high-dose G-CSF prolonged inflammation and caused severe fibrosis, leading to impaired adipogenesis and poor fat graft survival.