Biofilm formation and microscopic analysis of biofilms formed by Listeria monocytogenes in a food processing context

- The ability to attach and to form biofilms by L. monocytogenes was introduced.
- The effect of inactivating agents on L. monocytogenes biofilms was reviewed.
- The microscopic methods for L. monocytogenes biofilm examinations were discussed.

The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to attach to food processing surfaces and to form biofilms in different inaccessible locations of a processing facility has become of important concern for the food industry. A deeper insight into the biofilm formation process is then required to enable adopting best hygienic practices against L. monocytogenes and, resultantly, to ensure food safety. This review article discusses some important aspects of biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes, and provides an overview of consequences of applying antimicrobials to inactivate L. monocytogenes biofilms from food contact surfaces. Finally, microscopic findings with the use of different protocols together with advantages and limitations of each approach are discussed.