Effect of impact angle on liquid droplet impingement erosion

► Effect of impact angle on LDI erosion was obtained for S15C, SUS304, STPA24 and pure aluminum. ► The MaxDER (Maximum Depth of Erosion Rate) is given by sinn θ for all steels. θ is attack angle. ► The exponent n is 1.7, 2.5 and 1.2 for S15C, SUS304 and STPA24, respectively. ► At 90°, LDI erosion was weakened possibly due to the liquid film formation. ► The spray nozzle tests revealed that the erosion can be estimated using V=V0 sin θ.