Performance enhancement mechanism of Mn-based catalysts prepared under N2 for NOx removal: Evidence of the poor crystallization and oxidation of MnOx

Ce-Mn/TiO2 catalysts calcined under N2 exhibit superior activity during NO removal, owing to a greater degree of particle dispersion, less agglomeration of particles, and a low degree of MnOx crystallization together with low valence states, all of which favor the NH3-SCR reactions.