Consecutive anchoring of symmetric viologens: Electrochromic devices providing colorless to neutral-color switching

The effect of the TiO2 layer thickness and grafting conditions on the ECD performance have also been investigated, reaching switching times ≤6 s and good performance up to 2 000 cycles for the optimized ECDs. Additionally, the influence of the electrolyte on the observed coloration has also been explored. The use of water-based gel polyelectrolyte has allowed significant enhancement of the neutral-grayish EC behavior (a* and b*≤ |10|). The beneficial impact of water-based gel polyelectrolyte and potential in color-tailored electrochromics is emphasized.