Cycling potential engineering surface configuration of sandwich Au@Ni@PtNiAu for superior catalytic durability

Sandwich structured Au@Ni@PtNiAu nanoparticles with ultra-low Pt-usage exhibit superior electrochemical stability that both the ECSA and MOR activity suffer no loss but a slight increase after 10,000 cycles under cycling potential of 0.6-1.4 V. The structure demonstrates a unique potential-dependent surface atomic reconstruction behavior, which provides an efficient strategy to take advantage of the synergistic effect of Au but prevent the possible activity decline caused by Au surface segregation.244