Physico-chemical and biological properties of hydroxyapatite extracted from chicken beaks

In this investigation, we have extracted biological hydroxyapatite (HA) containing magnesium, sodium, aluminium, zirconium and silicon ions from the chicken beaks. Raw chicken beaks were calcined at different temperatures after washing with boiled water and organic solvents. The calcined biological HA was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The viability of Saos-2 cells treated with extracts of biological HA was higher than cells on tissue culture plates (TCPs) and synthetic HA, suggesting a good cytocompatibility of biological HA. Our research has successfully shown that the chicken beaks are a cheap source of biological HA.