Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from ferroalloy production using life cycle assessment with particular reference to Australia

► Energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission footprints of ferroalloy production have been estimated. ► GHG results are 1.8 t CO2e/t ferromanganese and 2.8 t CO2e/t silicomanganese. ► GHG results are 3.4 t CO2e/t ferrosilicon, 13.9 t CO2e/t ferronickel, 3.0 t CO2e/t ferrochromium. ► Results are similar to few limited studies when compared based on common electricity source. ► An opportunity exists to reduce GHG emissions if coal is replaced with renewable biocarbon.