Chinese students’ perception and conditions of leadership

One hundred fifty-one Chinese participants rated scales on perceived transformational and change leadership, and perceived conditions of leadership (e.g., leadership experience, interpersonal competence, adaptor-innovator style, achievement goal orientation, and personality). The participants perceived highly their transformational leadership styles. Interpersonal competence was the strongest predictor of transformational and change leadership. Gender was found to be a significant predictor of transformational leadership (both for articulating the vision and fostering the acceptance of group goals). Kirton's originality subscale could predict transformational leadership (articulating the vision). Conscientiousness proved to be a significant predictor of transformational and change leadership. Females rated higher on leadership scales than males, which seems to predispose them to exert transformational and change leadership style in organizations. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.